
On August 15, 1939,
The Wizard of Oz premiered at
Grauman's Chinese Theatre in
Hollywood,
Los Angeles, California.
The film made
Judy Garland a megastar when she sang the movie's song,
Over the Rainbow, and as they say, the rest is history.
I first saw
Oz on the 1949 re-release of the film. I was a little kid and had seen the ads about the "Glorious" color of the film. I remember being incredibly excited about going to see the film then watching the film start and being bitterly disappointed and mad that it was not in color. I felt cheated; that's what had been promised!!!!! (
link below)
"Metro-Goldwyn Mayer's TECHNICOLOR TRIUMPH!"
Then Dorothy opens the door and this flood of color overwhelmed me like a
tsunami and I remember the feeling of the
hackles on my neck rising. It WAS Glorious and I've been hooked ever since!
All of the Oz sequences were filmed in
Three-strip Technicolor. The
opening and
closing credits, as well as the
Kansas sequences, were filmed in black and white and colored in a
sepia-tone process. Sepia-toned film was also used in the scene where Aunt Em appears in the Wicked Witch's
crystal ball.

Originally a book,
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by
L. Frank Baum, was named by him from a library shelf labled "O to Z". The film is one of the towering film greats of
Hollywood. It was released near the end of the
Great Depression and may have helped people survive it.
The original producers thought that a 1939 audience was too
sophisticated to accept
Oz as a straight-ahead fantasy; therefore, it
was re-conceived as a lengthy, elaborate
dream sequence.
The Wizard of Oz is legendary for its use of
Technicolor, fantasy storytelling,
musical score, and memorable characters (
link below), it has become an icon of American popular culture. This edition of the film is a
gatefold album so there are more images from the film.
The songs were written by
Edgar "Yip" Harburg (lyrics) and
Harold Arlen (music). The musical score and incidental music were composed by
Herbert Stothart.
Because of a perceived need to attract a youthful audience through
appealing to modern fads and styles, the score had featured a song
called
The Jitterbug (
link below). The tune was sung by
Dorothy, together with the
Scarecrow,
Tin Man and
Cowardly Lion;
it was a jazzy development of the plot and a nod to the then-popular
bobby-soxer dance craze. However, the segment was cut from the film.
The only film footage of the segment that exists is a grainy home movie shot by the film's composer
Harold Arlen,
taken during dress rehearsal from behind the scenes. The actual footage
for the film was destroyed. The Arlen footage is included in this
LaserDisc edition.
The
Wicked Witch of the West makes reference to this number in the
finished film, telling the leader of the monkeys that she had sent "a
little insect on ahead to take the fight out of them", a line that is
perhaps the most obvious continuity error in the film.
A recording of the song was featured as the
B-side of the original
78 RPM 1939 single,
Over the Rainbow, released by
Decca.

There is
Jack Haley in the role of the
Tin Woodman who sings the same song except he desires to have a heart so he can feel emotions but especially love (
link below).
And, last but not least, the adorable,
Bert Lahr, who is the
Cowardly Lion and wishes more than anything to have courage,
If I Only Had the Nerve. His version is my favorite of the three. Later he sings,
If I Were King of the Forest and the ending is hysterical (
link below).
Of course, when they all finally get their wishes it turns out each of them had want they wanted in the first place.
The
film was considered a critical success when released in August 1939 but
failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release, earning
only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, not including promotional costs,
which made it MGM's most expensive production to that time.
The 1956
television broadcast premiere of the film on the
CBS
network reintroduced the film to the public; watching it became an
annual tradition and, according to the
Library of Congress, it is the
most seen film in movie history. It was among the first 25 films that inaugurated the
National Film Registry list in 1989. It is also one of the few films on the
UNESCO Memory of the World Register. The film is among the top ten in the
BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14.
Not that there is any connection nor resemblance to the movie,
Oz is an American
television drama series created by
Tom Fontana, who also wrote or co-wrote all 56 of the series
episodes. It was the first one-hour dramatic television series to be produced by the
premium cable network HBO.
Oz premiered on July 12, 1997 and ran for six seasons; the series finale aired February 23, 2003. The series catapulted
Christopher Meloni to stardom and reenforced the already impressive career of
Rita Moreno.
There have been two stage musical versions of the movie,
The Wiz, released in 1974, and
Wicked, released on
May 28, 2003, at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco. I saw both;
The Wiz was brilliant; I especially loved the
Tornado Dance. A ballerina came out pirouetting on
pointe in a black body suit that completely covered her from head to toe. Her headdress was an enormous black fabric that was anchord to the
Fly system over the stage; as she pirouetted around the stage the fabric twisted and flared out at the top. It was extremely effective!
Wicked didn't make it for me!

front cover detail
back cover detail
The novel by Baum was first made into a movie in the twenties, released on April 13, 1925. One of the actors in the film was
Oliver Hardy, of
Laurel and Hardy fame. It was filmed again in Canada and released in 1933.
An
anime feature film version from Japan,
directed by Fumihiko Takayama, was released on October 6, 1982. In the 1980s, a re-edited version of the Takayama film was released in
Czechoslovakia. The film was dubbed into the
Slovak language
except for the songs, which were performed by Japanese singers (from
the original Japanese music version). Some other foreign dubs, such as
the
Italian and
Greek versions, had this premise edit as well. The complete
Italian version is on YouTube (
link below).
In the ninties, there was a
Wizard of Oz (TV series), which premiered on
ABC, starting on September 8, 1990. The series also aired on
YTV from 1990 to 1995 in Canada. Reruns aired on
Toon Disney from 1998 to 2002.
One of my favorite scenes from the film is, "Who Rang That Bell?" uttered by the doorman at the gate of Oz (link below).
The Wizard of Oz was nominated for six
Academy Awards, including
Best Picture, but lost to the other film great produced that year,
Gone with the Wind.
Oz won two categories,
Best Original Song for
Over the Rainbow and
Best Original Score by Stothart.
The phrase
Wizard of Oz (originally
OZ Paradigm) has come into common usage in the fields of
experimental psychology, human factors,
ergonomics,
linguistics, and
usability engineering
to describe a testing or iterative design methodology wherein an
experimenter (the “wizard”), in a laboratory setting, simulates the
behavior of a theoretical intelligent computer application (often by
going into another room and intercepting all communications between
participant and system). Sometimes this is done with the participant’s
a-priori knowledge and sometimes it is a low-level deceit employed to
manage the participant’s expectations and encourage natural behaviors.