As a child, Peterson studied with Hungarian-born pianist Paul de Marky, a student of
István Thomán. Thomán was a pupil of
Franz Liszt,
so his training was predominantly based on classical piano. Meanwhile,
he was captivated by traditional jazz and learned several
ragtime pieces and especially the
boogie-woogie. At that time Peterson was called "the
Brown Bomber of the Boogie-Woogie".
In 1940, at fourteen years of age, Peterson won the national music competition organized by the
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
After that victory, he dropped out of school and became a professional
pianist working for a weekly radio show, and playing at hotels and music
halls.
Some of the artists who influenced Peterson's music during the earlier type of years were
Teddy Wilson,
Nat "King" Cole,
James P. Johnson and
Art Tatum. Tatum and Peterson eventually became good friends, although Peterson was
always shy about being compared with Tatum and rarely played the piano
in Tatum's presence. Peterson absorbed Tatum's musical influences, notably from piano concertos by
Sergei Rachmaninoff. Rachmaninoff's harmonizations, as well as direct
quotations from his
2nd Piano Concerto,
are thrown in here and there in many recordings by Peterson, including
his work with the most familiar formulation of the Oscar Peterson Trio,
with bassist
Ray Brown and guitarist
Herb Ellis.
An important step in Peterson's career was joining the
impresario Norman Granz labels (especially
Verve) (
link below) and the Granz "
Jazz at the Philharmonic" project (
link Below). Granz discovered Peterson in a peculiar manner. As the impresario was being taken to
Montreal airport
by cab, the radio was playing a live broadcast of Peterson at a local
night club. Granz was so smitten by what he heard that he ordered the
driver to take him to the club so that he could meet the pianist. In
1949, Granz introduced Peterson at a
Carnegie Hall Jazz at the Philharmonic show in
New York City. Granz remained Peterson's manager for most of his career.
Peterson made numerous duo performances and recordings with bassists
Ray Brown,
Sam Jones, and
Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, guitarists
Joe Pass,
Irving Ashby,
Herb Ellis, and
Barney Kessel, pianists
Count Basie,
Herbie Hancock,
Benny Green, and
Oliver Jones, trumpeters
Clark Terry and
Louis Armstrong,
and many other important jazz players. His 1950s duo recordings with
Ray Brown mark the formation of one of the longest lasting partnerships
in the history of jazz.
According to pianist/educator
Mark Eisenman, some of Peterson's best playing was as an understated accompanist to singer
Ella Fitzgerald and trumpeter
Roy Eldridge.
Peterson wrote pieces for piano, for trio, for quartet and for big band.
He also wrote several songs, and made recordings as a singer. Probably
his best-known compositions are
Canadiana Suite and
Hymn to Freedom,
the latter composed in the 1960s and inspired by the
civil rights movement in the United States (
links below).
Peterson had
arthritis
since his youth, and in later years could hardly button his shirt.
Never slender, his weight increased to 125 kg (276 lb), hindering his
mobility. He had hip replacement surgery in the early 1990s.
Although the surgery was successful, his mobility was still inhibited.
Somewhat later, in 1993, Peterson suffered a serious stroke that
weakened his left side and sidelined him for two years. Also in 1993
incoming Prime Minister and longtime Peterson fan and friend
Jean Chrétien offered Peterson the position of
Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, but according to Chrétien he declined, citing the health problems from his recent stroke.
After the stroke, Peterson recuperated for about two years. He
gradually regained mobility and some control of his left hand. However,
his virtuosity was never restored to the original level, and his playing
after his stroke relied principally on his right hand.
In 1995 he returned to public performances on a limited basis, and also
made several live and studio recordings for Telarc. In 1997 he received
a
Grammy for
Lifetime Achievement and an International Jazz Hall of Fame Award. Canadian politician, friend, and amateur pianist
Bob Rae contends that "a one-handed Oscar was better than just about anyone with two hands".
In 2003, Peterson recorded the DVD
A Night in Vienna for
Verve, with
Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen (NHØP),
Ulf Wakenius and
Martin Drew.
YouTube links:
Oscar Peterson selections
Hymn To Freedom
Canadiana Suite
Jazz At The Philharmonic (9:32 minutes)
Norman Granz Jazz at the Philharmonic (1956)
I play as I feel