Max Roach -
ca. October, 1947
Three Deuces, NYC
Roach worked in many styles of music. He wrote music for theater, such as plays written by
Sam Shepard, presented at
La Mama E.T.C. in
New York City. He performed a concerto with the
Boston Symphony Orchestra. He wrote for and performed with the Walter White gospel choir and the John Motley Singers. He performed with dancers: the
Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, the
Dianne McIntyre Dance Company and the
Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. He performed in a
hip hop concert, featuring the artist-
rapper Fab Five Freddy and the New York
Break Dancers. He made numerous musical statements relating to the
Civil Rights Movement.
His birth certificate lists his date of birth as January 10, 1924, but he has been quoted by
Phil Schaap that his family believed he was born on January 8, 1925. He was born in the Township of Newland,
Pasquotank County,
North Carolina, which borders the southern edge of the
Great Dismal Swamp. His family moved to the
Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of
Brooklyn,
New York when he was 4 years old. His mother was a
gospel singer. He started to play
bugle
in parade orchestras when he was young. At the age of 10, he was already
playing drums in some gospel bands. In 1942, when he was 18 and fresh out
of
Boys High School, he was called to fill in for
Sonny Greer with the
Duke Ellington Orchestra when they were performing at the
Paramount Theater. His first professional recording took place in December 1943, supporting
Coleman Hawkins.
He studied classical percussion at the
Manhattan School of Music from 1950 to 1953 and earned a Bachelor of Music degree (the School awarded him an Honorary Doctorate in 1990).
In 1952, Roach co-founded
Debut Records with bassist
Charles Mingus. This label released a record of a May 15, 1953 concert, billed as 'the greatest concert ever', which came to be known as
Jazz at Massey Hall,
featuring
Charlie Parker,
Dizzy Gillespie,
Bud Powell, Mingus and Roach. Also released on
this label was the groundbreaking bass-and-drum free improvisation,
Percussion Discussion.
In 1954, Roach and trumpeter
Clifford Brown formed a quintet that featured tenor saxophonist
Harold Land, pianist
Richie Powell (brother of Bud Powell), and bassist
George Morrow. Land left the following year and
Sonny Rollins replaced him. The group was a prime example of the
hard bop style also played by
Art Blakey and
Horace Silver. Brown and Powell were killed in a car accident on the
Pennsylvania Turnpike in June 1956. The first album Roach recorded after their deaths was
Max Roach + 4. After Brown and Powell's deaths, Roach continued leading a similarly configured group, with
Kenny Dorham on trumpet,
Booker Little on trumpet,
George Coleman on tenor and pianist
Ray Bryant.
Roach was a pioneer of
bebop; he expanded the standard form of hard-bop using 3/4
waltz rhythms (
YouTube link below) and
modality with his 1957 album,
Jazz in 3/4 time. During this period, Roach recorded a series of other albums for the
EmArcy label featuring
Stanley and
Tommy Turrentine.
In 1955, he was the drummer for vocalist
Dinah Washington at several live appearances and recordings, appearing at the
Newport Jazz Festival with her in 1958 which was
filmed and the 1954 live studio audience recording of
Dinah Jams, considered to be one of the best vocal jazz albums of its genre.
On August 16, 1992, he performed in the
Newport Jazz Festival (
Newport, Rhode Island) which was recorded and a hell of a lot of fun to watch (
YouTube link below).
In 1994, Roach appeared on the
Rush drummer
Neil Peart album,
Burning For Buddy performing
The Drum Also Waltzes, Part 1 and 2 on
Volume 1 of the
Volume 2 series during the 1994 All-Star recording sessions.
He also worked with
Miles Davis,
Thelonious Monk,
Billy Eckstine,
Stan Getz,
Eric Dolphy,
Booker Little, and
saxophonist,
Robert Stewart. He led his own groups, notably a pioneering quintet co-led with trumpeter
Clifford Brown and the percussion ensemble
M'Boom.